What is dolina indusu?

Dolina Indusu (Indus Valley Civilization)

The Dolina Indusu, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent from around 3300 BCE to 1700 BCE. It is considered one of the earliest urban societies in the world, alongside Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.

• Geography: The civilization was centered around the Indus River and its tributaries, encompassing parts of modern-day Pakistan, northwest India, and Afghanistan. Major sites included <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Mohendżo%20Daro">Mohendżo Daro</a> and <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Harappa">Harappa</a>, both known for their sophisticated urban planning.

• Urban Planning and Architecture: The IVC was notable for its advanced urban planning, including well-planned cities with grid-like streets, drainage systems, and multi-story brick houses. <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Great%20Bath">The Great Bath</a> at Mohenjo-daro is a significant example of public architecture.

• Economy and Trade: The civilization had a thriving economy based on agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. They cultivated crops like wheat, barley, cotton, and sesame. They also engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia and other regions, as evidenced by the discovery of Indus seals in those areas.

• Social Structure: While the exact social structure of the IVC is not fully understood, archaeological evidence suggests a stratified society with specialized labor and varying levels of wealth. There is little evidence of large-scale warfare or monumental architecture associated with rulers or elites.

• Religion and Beliefs: The religious beliefs of the Indus people are also not completely known, but evidence suggests the worship of a mother goddess and other deities. The <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Pashupati%20Seal">Pashupati Seal</a>, depicting a figure seated in a yogic posture surrounded by animals, is often interpreted as a representation of a proto-Shiva deity.

• Technology and Crafts: The IVC made significant advancements in technology, including standardized weights and measures, copper metallurgy, and pottery. They were skilled craftspeople, producing intricate seals, jewelry, and terracotta figurines.

• Decline: The decline of the IVC around 1700 BCE is attributed to various factors, including climate change, environmental degradation, and possibly invasion. The causes of the decline are still a subject of scholarly debate.

• Legacy: The Indus Valley Civilization left a lasting legacy, contributing to the cultural and technological development of the Indian subcontinent. Its influence can be seen in later civilizations and traditions in the region. The <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Indus%20Script">Indus Script</a>, while undeciphered, represents an important aspect of their intellectual achievement.